| 1984: | N-ISDN | WAN |
| data and voice | ||
| 1...2 x 64 kbps, basic access 2B+D | ||
| deployed worldwide | ||
| 1988: | B-ISDN | WAN |
| data-voice-video | ||
| 155...622 Mbps access | ||
| ATM as common transfer protocol |
Slow market penetration
| 1990's: | ATM switching adopted for LAN hubs (fast hub-switching) |
| non-shared access to desktop | |
| Networked LAN hubs made attractive by AALs to | |
| - IP | |
| - Ethernet, Token Ring | |
| - FDDI, ... | |
| 1995: | ATM WANs with automated VC routing |
Standardized from 25 Mbps to 622 Mbps access, common is 155 Mbps OC3
Praised as common technology for LAN-MAN-WAN, suitable for multi-media traffic mix
Criticized for slow and incomplete standard development
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Last revised: 24 October 1997, BJK