'''Convert to and from Roman numerals

This program is part of 'Dive Into Python 3', a free Python book for
experienced programmers.  Visit http://diveintopython3.org/ for the
latest version.
'''

class OutOfRangeError(ValueError): pass
class NotIntegerError(ValueError): pass
class InvalidRomanNumeralError(ValueError): pass

roman_numeral_map = (('M',  1000),
                     ('CM', 900),
                     ('D',  500),
                     ('CD', 400),
                     ('C',  100),
                     ('XC', 90),
                     ('L',  50),
                     ('XL', 40),
                     ('X',  10),
                     ('IX', 9),
                     ('V',  5),
                     ('IV', 4),
                     ('I',  1))

to_roman_table = [ None ]
from_roman_table = {}

def to_roman(n):
    '''convert integer to Roman numeral'''
    if int(n) != n:
        raise NotIntegerError('non-integers can not be converted')
    if not (0 < n < 5000):
        raise OutOfRangeError('number out of range (must be 1..4999)')
    return to_roman_table[n]

def from_roman(s):
    '''convert Roman numeral to integer'''
    if not isinstance(s, str):
        raise InvalidRomanNumeralError('Input must be a string')
    if not s:
        raise InvalidRomanNumeralError('Input can not be blank')
    if s not in from_roman_table:
        raise InvalidRomanNumeralError('Invalid Roman numeral: {0}'.format(s))
    return from_roman_table[s]

def build_lookup_tables():
    def to_roman(n):
        result = ''
        for numeral, integer in roman_numeral_map:
            if n >= integer:
                result = numeral
                n -= integer
                break
        if n > 0:
            result += to_roman_table[n]
        return result

    for integer in range(1, 5000):
        roman_numeral = to_roman(integer)
        to_roman_table.append(roman_numeral)
        from_roman_table[roman_numeral] = integer

build_lookup_tables()

# Copyright (c) 2009, Mark Pilgrim, All rights reserved.
# 
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# 
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 'AS IS'
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.